Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (JCARME)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22061/jcarme.2023.8944.2207

Abstract

Microbubbles are used in ultrasound imaging, targeted drug delivery, destruction of cancerous tissues, etc. On the other hand, the demographic behaviors of small bubbles under the influence of Ultrasound have not been fully detected or studied. This study investigates the effect of the radial distribution of Sonazoid microbubbles on frequency response. It is shown that the optimal subharmonic response is possible by controlling the size distribution. For this reason, the numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a coated microbubble is performed using MATLAB coding and the modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The Gaussian distribution is then applied, and the frequency response is investigated. It was shown that at a constant excitation pressure of 0.4 MPa and a standard deviation of 0.2, with increasing mean radius, the fundamental response increases. The subharmonic response increases reaches a peak value and decreases. This peak value occurs for frequencies of 4,6, and 8 MHz in the mean radius of 0.8, 1 and 1.6 μm. By increasing the frequency of excitation, it is transferred to a smaller mean radius. It is also observed that the fundamental and subharmonic responses are amplified by increasing the excitation pressure. Studies show that the optimal subharmonic response can be achieved for various applications by controlling the size distribution of microbubbles.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

dor

20.1001.1.22287922.2023.13.1.8.4

Main Subjects

Fluid Mechanics

References

[1] N. De Jong, R. Cornet, C. T. Lancee, “Higher harmonics of vibrating gas-filled microspheres, Part one: simulations”, Ultrasonics, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 447-453, (1994).

[2] C. C. Church, “The effects of an elastic solid surface layer on the radial pulsations of gas bubbles”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 97, No. 3, pp.1510-1521, (1995).

[3] N. De Jong, L. Hoff, “Ultrasound scattering properties of Albunex microspheres”, Ultrasonics, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 175-181, (1993).

[4] S. M. Van der Meer, B. Dollet, M. M. Voormolen, C. T. Chin, A. Bouakaz, N. De Jong, M. Versluis, D. Lohse, “Microbubble spectroscopy of ultrasound contrast agents”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 648-656, (2007).

[5] L. Hoff, P. C. Sontum, J. M. Hovem, “Oscillations of polymeric microbubbles: Effect of the encapsulating shell” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 2272-2280, (2000).

[6] D. Chatterjee, K. Sarkar, “A Newtonian rheological model for the interface of microbubble contrast agents”, Ultrasound in medicine & biology, Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 1749-1757, (2003).

[7] P. M. Shankar, P. D. Krishna, V. L. Newhouse, "Subharmonic backscattering from ultrasound contrast agents", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 2104-2110, (1999).

[8] K. Sarkar, W. T. Shi, D. Chatterjee, F. Forsberg, “Characterization of ultrasound contrast microbubbles using in vitro experiments and viscous and viscoelastic interface models for encapsulation", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 118, No. 1, pp. 539-550, (2005).

[9] P. Marmottant, S. Van der Meer, M. Emmer, M. Versluis, N. De Jong, S. Hilgenfeldt, D. Lohse, “A model for large amplitude oscillations of coated bubbles accounting for buckling and rupture”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 118, No. 6, pp. 3499-3505, (2005).

[10] F. Forsberg, W. T. Shi, and B. B. Goldberg, “Subharmonic imaging of contrast agents”, Ultrasonics, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 93-98, (2000).

[11] F. Forsberg, J. B. Liu, T. Shi, J. Furuse, M. Shimizu, and B. Barry, "In vivo pressure estimation using subharmonic contrast microbubble signals: Proof of concept, IEEE transactions on ultrasonics", ferroelectrics, and frequency control, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 581-583, (2005).

[12] P. M. Shankar, P. D. Krishna, and V. L. Newhouse, “Advantages of subharmonic over second harmonic backscatter for contrast-to-tissue echo enhancement”, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 395-399, (1998).

[13] D. Adam, M. Sapunar, and E. Burla, "On the relationship between encapsulated ultrasound contrast agent and pressure", Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 673-686, (2005).

[14] K. S. Andersen, J. A. Jørgen, "Impact of acoustic pressure on ambient pressure estimation using ultrasound contrast agent", Ultrasonics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 294-299, (2010).

[15] A. Katiyar, K. Sarkar, and F. Forsberg, "Modeling subharmonic response from contrast microbubbles as a function of ambient static pressure", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 2325-2335, (2011).

[16] L. M. Leodore, F. Forsberg and W. T. Shi, "P5B-6 In Vitro Pressure Estimation Obtained from Subharmonic Contrast Microbubble Signals," IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, 2007, pp. 2207-2210, (2007).

[17] M. Overvelde, V. Garbin, J. Sijl, B. Dollet, N. De Jong, D. Lohse, and M. Versluis, “Nonlinear shell behavior of phospholipid-coated microbubbles”, Ultrasound in medicine & biology, Vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 2080-2092, (2010).

[18] T. Sun, N. Jia, D. Zhang, D. Xu, "Ambient pressure dependence of the ultra-harmonic response from contrast microbubbles", J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 131, No. 6, pp. 4358-4364, (2012).

[19] R. Basude and M. A. Wheatley, “Generation of ultraharmonics in surfactant based ultrasound contrast agents: use and advantages” Ultrasonics. Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 437-444, (2001).

[20] P. J. A. Frinking, E. Gaud, J. Brochot and M. Arditi, "Subharmonic scattering of phospholipid-shell microbubbles at low acoustic pressure amplitudes," in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 57, No. 8, pp. 1762-1771, (2010).

[21] O. Lotsberg, J. M. Hovem, and B. Aksum, " Experimental observation of subharmonic oscillations in Infoson bubbles, " J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 1366 – 1369, (1996 ).

[22] H. R. Zheng and R. Shandas, "Gaussian-integration technique to predict backscatter characteristics from ultrasound contrast agents," IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 3, pp. 1706-1709, (2004).

[23] Yn. Zhang, Zb. Jiang, J. Yuan et al., “Influences of bubble size distribution on propagation of acoustic waves in dilute polydisperse bubbly liquids”, J Hydrodyn, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 50–57, (2019).

[24] I. G. Newsome, T. M. Kierski, P. A. Dayton "Assessment of the Superharmonic Response of Microbubble Contrast Agents for Acoustic Angiography as a Function of Microbubble Parameters" Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 45, No. 9, pp 2515-2524, (2019).

[25] H. Haghi, A. J. Sojahrood, M. C. Kolios, "Collective nonlinear behavior of interacting polydisperse microbubble clusters", Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 58, Article 104708, (2019).

[26] J. E. Streeter, R. Gessner, I. Miles, P. A. Dayton, "Improving Sensitivity in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging by Tailoring Contrast Agent Size Distribution: In Vivo Studies", Molecular Imaging, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 87-95, (2010).

[27] N.A. Tsochatzidis, P. Guiraud, A.M. Wilhelm, H. Delmas, "Determination of velocity, size and concentration of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles by the phase-Doppler technique", Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 1831-1840, (2001)

[28] A. Brotchie, F. Grieser, M. Ashokkumar, " Effect of Power and Frequency on Bubble-Size Distributions in Acoustic Cavitation", Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, No. 8, 084302 (2009)

[29] D. Gubaidullin, Y. Fedorov, " Sound waves in a liquid with polydisperse vapor-gas bubbles", Acoustical Physics, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 179-186, (2016)

[30] K. Ando, T. Colonius, C. E. Brennen "Improvement of acoustic theory of ultrasonic waves in dilute bubbly liquids" J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 126, No. 3, EL69-EL74 (2009)

[31] S. Hilgenfeldt, D. Lohse, M. Zomack, “Response of bubbles to diagnostic ultrasound: a unifying theoretical Approach”, Eur. Phys. J. B, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 247–55, (1998).

[32] M. Versluis, B. Schmitz, A. Von Der Heydt, D. Lohse, “How snapping shrimp snap: through cavitating bubbles”, Science, Vol. 289, No. 5487, 2114–2117, (2000)

[33] C. C. Church, “The effects of an elastic solid-surface layer on the radial pulsations of gas-bubbles”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 1510–21, (1995).

[34] L. Hoff, P. C. Sontum, J. M. Hovem, “Oscillations of polymeric microbubbles: effect of the encapsulating shell”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 2272–2280, (2000).

[35] H. Medwin, “Counting bubbles acoustically—review”, Ultrasonics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 7–13 (1977).

[36] Bloch S H, Short R E, Ferrara KWandWisner E R. “The effect of size on the acoustic response of polymer-shelled contrast agents” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 31 439–44 (2005).

[37] K. Soetanto and M. Chan, “Fundamental studies on contrast images from different-sized microbubbles: analytical and experimental studies”, Ultrasound Med. Biol., Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 81–91, (2000).

[38] F. Li, L. Wang, Y. Fan, D. Li, "Simulation of noninvasive blood pressure estimation using ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles", IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 715-726, 2012.

[39] K. Sarkar, W. T. Shi, D. Chatterjee, and F. Forsberg, “Characterization of ultrasound contrast microbubbles using in vitro experiments and viscous and viscoelastic interface models for encapsulation”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 118, No. 1, pp. 539–550, (2005).

Name *

Email Address *

Affiliation *

Comments *

Security Code *

CAPTCHA Image