Composite Materials
A. Ghaznavi; M. Shariyat
Abstract
Studying the behavior of sandwich panels is very important due to their widespread use in different industries. Therefore, over the past decades, various theories have been proposed to study the behavior of these panels. In this paper a higher order global-local theory with 3D equilibrium-based corrections ...
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Studying the behavior of sandwich panels is very important due to their widespread use in different industries. Therefore, over the past decades, various theories have been proposed to study the behavior of these panels. In this paper a higher order global-local theory with 3D equilibrium-based corrections is presented to study behavior of thick and thin sandwich plate with flexible and auxetic core. In addition to correcting the results with 3D elasticity equations, another important advantage of the presented theory is the ability to consider the transverse core deformation of the sandwich panels. It should be mentioned that to study the behavior of thick sandwich panels, especially with soft core, the existence of this feature is very necessary and has a great effect on the accuracy of the obtained results. Comparison of the obtained results with those existing in valid references showed that the formulation of the provided finite element had a very good accuracy even for thick and thin sandwich plates. Finally, the effect of different material and geometrical parameters on the behavior of sandwich plates are carefully investigated using the presented theory.
Micro and Nano Systems
Azadeh Shahidian; Sanam Tahouneh
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic devices have had various applications, such as the biological field. Hence, it is essential to study fluid flow governing equations in order to realization and ability to better control fluids in different flow regimes according to microfluidic devices. Also, study of inducing ...
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In recent years, microfluidic devices have had various applications, such as the biological field. Hence, it is essential to study fluid flow governing equations in order to realization and ability to better control fluids in different flow regimes according to microfluidic devices. Also, study of inducing source, fabrication technique, and numerical procedure of fluid flow simulation are necessary for flow solution and are used to select proper devices.Here, the mentioned cases have been studied. As well, numerical methods of fluid flow study for various type of fluid, their comparison and pros and cons of each of them have been briefly expressed that may be used for the development of them. Then, the extensive biological application of micromixers and micropumps have been investigated. It is expected that this paper will be of attention to scholars or practitioners in the micromixer and micropump biomedical technology field and those who enter this context for the first time and may also highlight what will assist in future development.
Fluid Mechanics
M. Alemi; R. Maia
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate two numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. For this purpose, the mentioned flow equations were written in two different formulations, namely (i) velocity-pressure and (ii) vorticity-stream function formulations. Solution algorithms and boundary conditions ...
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The present study aimed to investigate two numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. For this purpose, the mentioned flow equations were written in two different formulations, namely (i) velocity-pressure and (ii) vorticity-stream function formulations. Solution algorithms and boundary conditions were presented for both formulations and the efficiency of each formulation was investigated by considering a two-dimensional low laminar flow around a square pile in a rectangular computational domain. Simulations under the same conditions were conducted to assess the difference between results generated by both formulations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the results was analyzed through a comparison of the results with the available reference data. In addition, computational efficiency of both formulations was investigated in term of computation time. The corresponding results indicated that both formulations are adequate to the case used in the present study. Moreover, performed simulations showed that solving the vorticity-stream function form of the flow equations is faster than solving the velocity-pressure form of those equations for simulating a two-dimensional laminar flow around a square pile.
Robotics
M. H. Ghasemi; A. H. Korayem; S. R. Nekoo; M. H. Korayem
Abstract
Recording the variation of joint angles as a feedback to the control unit is frequent in articulated arms. In this paper, magnetic sensor AS5045, which is a contactless encoder, is employed to measure joint angles of 6R robot and the performance of that is examined. The sensor has a low volume, two digital ...
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Recording the variation of joint angles as a feedback to the control unit is frequent in articulated arms. In this paper, magnetic sensor AS5045, which is a contactless encoder, is employed to measure joint angles of 6R robot and the performance of that is examined. The sensor has a low volume, two digital outputs and provides a high resolution measurement for users; furthermore its zero position is adjustable. Installation and use of this measurement system on 6R robot has been expressed by using output signals of sensor AS5045 in the digital control board of 6R and equipped with ARM processor LPC1768. First, a sample of digital board is used for controlling a DC motor in both speed and position, in order to investigate specifications of AS5045’s digital and analogue outputs. Simulation of 6R robot in point-to-point motion has been performed with MATLAB software using a proportional derivative (PD) controller. Then, experiment with the same condition and gains via a PD controller has been designed and implemented on the digital control board. The feedback system has been also checked in a circular path to show its advantages in trajectory tracking. The comparison of simulation results with experiments shows improvement: less error and better performance of 6R robot. This new setup omitted the noise of previous analogue feedback system since its digital outputs provides a precise measurement.
Composite Materials
Y. Bayat; M. Alizadeh; A. Bayat
Abstract
In this paper, a general solution for torsion of hollow cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGM) was investigated. The problem was formulated in terms of Prandtl’s stress and, in general, the shear stress and angle of twist were derived. Variations in the material properties such as ...
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In this paper, a general solution for torsion of hollow cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGM) was investigated. The problem was formulated in terms of Prandtl’s stress and, in general, the shear stress and angle of twist were derived. Variations in the material properties such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio might be arbitrary functions of the radial coordinate. Various material models from the literature were also used and the corresponding shear stress and angle of twist were individually computed. Moreover, by employing ABAQUS simulations, finite element results were compared with the analytical ones.
Control
Mohammad Hossein Bayati Chaleshtari; Elahe Norouzi; Habib Ahmadi
Abstract
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring function after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we used a model consists of a joint, two links with one degree of freedom, and two muscles as flexor and extensor of the joint, which simulated in MATLAB using ...
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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring function after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we used a model consists of a joint, two links with one degree of freedom, and two muscles as flexor and extensor of the joint, which simulated in MATLAB using SimMechanics and Simulink Toolboxes. The muscle model is based on Zajac musculotendon actuator and composed of a nonlinear recruitment curve, a nonlinear activation-frequency relationship, calcium dynamics, fatigue/recovery model, an additional constant time delay, force-length and force-velocity factors. In this study, we used a classic controller for regulating the elbow joint angle; a Proportional- Integral- Derivative controller. First, we tuned the PID coefficients with trial and error, and then a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize them. The important features of this algorithm include flexibility, simplicity, short solution time, and the ability to avoid local optimums. This PSO -PID controller uses particle swarm optimization algorithm to get the required pulse width for stimulating the biceps to reach the elbow joint to the desired angle. The fitness function was defined as sum square of error. The results for PSO -PID controller show faster response for reaching the range of the set point than the PID controller tuned by trial and error. However the PSO -PID is much better in terms of the rise time and the settling time, the PID tuned by trial and error has no overshoot. The time to reach the zero steady state error is half in PSO -PID in comparison to PID tuned by trial and error.
M. E. Vakhshouri; B. Çuhadaroğlu
Abstract
The effects of uniform injection and suction through the surfaces of a perforated square cylinder on the vortex shedding, heat transfer and some aerodynamic parameters have been investigated numerically. The finitevolume method has been used for solving the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible ...
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The effects of uniform injection and suction through the surfaces of a perforated square cylinder on the vortex shedding, heat transfer and some aerodynamic parameters have been investigated numerically. The finitevolume method has been used for solving the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible and turbulent near-wake flow (𝑅𝑒21400) with the k-ɛ turbulence model equations. To find the optimum conditions, the effects of injection and suction through the front surface (case Ⅰ), the rear surface (case Ⅱ), top-bottom surfaces (case Ⅲ) and all surfaces (case Ⅳ) with various injection/suction coefficient are studied. The results reveal that parameters such as pressure and drag coefficients and Nusselt number are influenced drastically in some cases as well as flow field parameters. For instance, the maximum reduction of the drag coefficient occurs at case Ⅳ while the maximum increase and reduction of Nu number occur at (|𝛤|) = 0.025 forall cases about 46% and 32%, 61% and 63%, 92% and 60% and 180% and 115% for cases Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively.
Finite Elements Method (FEM)
Zuliang Lu*
Abstract
In this paper, a positive definite semi-discrete mixed finite element method was presented for two-dimensional parabolic equations. In the new positive definite systems, the gradient equation and flux equations were separated from their scalar unknown equations. Also, the existence and uniqueness ...
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In this paper, a positive definite semi-discrete mixed finite element method was presented for two-dimensional parabolic equations. In the new positive definite systems, the gradient equation and flux equations were separated from their scalar unknown equations. Also, the existence and uniqueness of the semi-discrete mixed finite element solutions were proven. Error estimates were also obtained for the semi-discrete schemes.Finally, a numerical example was presented to show theoretical results.
Vibration
H. M. Panahiha; A. Davar
Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear free vibrations of thin symmetric and non-symmetric cross-ply composite plates subjected to biaxial initial stresses are investigated. Because of their excellent properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness, composite plates have wide applications in aerospace ...
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In this paper, the nonlinear free vibrations of thin symmetric and non-symmetric cross-ply composite plates subjected to biaxial initial stresses are investigated. Because of their excellent properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness, composite plates have wide applications in aerospace and mechanical structures. Based on Von-Karman's strain-displacement relations and using Galerkin method, the nonlinear differential equation of free vibrations of initially stressed composite plate is obtained. This nonlinear equation is solved using two different analytical perturbation methods, namely method of multiple scales (MTS) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM), to analyze the nonlinear vibrations of initially stressed cross-ply composite plates. Effects of tensile and compressive biaxial initial stresses, initial vibration amplitude, thickness, and aspect ratios of the composite plates on the frequency behavior are investigated. The validity of the results is confirmed by making a comparison with those reported in the literature. According to the results, both analytical solutions show increasing trends for natural frequency parameters by increasing normal initial stresses. Regardless of the value of initial biaxial stresses, for both symmetric and non-symmetric plates, the results of MTS and HPM are in close agreement for the smallest initial amplitude. However, for compressive initial stresses, by increasing initial amplitude ratios, the discrepancies between the results of HPM and MTS increase for symmetric and non-symmetric plates. Although HPM includes less computational effort (smaller length of formulation) than MTS, the linear-to-nonlinear frequency ratios obtained using MTS method become closer to those obtained by HPM as initial vibration amplitude is decreased and initial stress is increased.
Fluid Mechanics
Prasannakumara B.C; Shashikumar N.S; Archana M
Abstract
The steady three-dimensional boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a dusty fluid towards a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions is investigated by using similarity solution approach. The free stream along z-direction impinges on the stretching sheet to produce a flow with different ...
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The steady three-dimensional boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a dusty fluid towards a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions is investigated by using similarity solution approach. The free stream along z-direction impinges on the stretching sheet to produce a flow with different velocity components. The governing equations are reduced into ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables. Reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations subjected to the associated boundary conditions are solved numerically by using Runge–Kutta fourth-fifth order method along with Shooting technique. The effects of the physical parameters like magnetic parameter, velocity ratio, fluid and thermal particle interaction parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number and Biot number on flow and heat characteristics are examined, illustrated graphically, and discussed in detail. The results indicate that the fluid phase velocity is always greater than that of the particle phase and temperature profiles of fluid and dust phases increases with the increase of the Eckert number.
Manufacturing Processes
I. Shivakoti; G. Kibria; S. Diyaley; B. B. Pradhan
Abstract
Correct selection of manufacturing condition is one of the most important aspects which should be considered in the majority of manufacturing processes, particularly in the process related to advanced machining process like electrical discharge machining. In electrical discharge machining (EDM), ...
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Correct selection of manufacturing condition is one of the most important aspects which should be considered in the majority of manufacturing processes, particularly in the process related to advanced machining process like electrical discharge machining. In electrical discharge machining (EDM), dielectric fluid plays an important role since machining characteristics are greatly influenced by the nature or characteristics of employed dielectric. Moreover, adding various types of abrasives or salt in the fluid at different concentrations also affect the machining performance because of changing dielectric strength property. The present paper addressed the influence of NaNO3 mixed de-ionized water as a dielectric fluid on micro-hole machining performance criteria such as material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), overcut (OC) and taper during machining of D3 die steel plate.
Manufacturing Processes
Ali Rugbani
Abstract
This research proposes a general formula for implementing in the control system of a dry-jet wet spinning machine to achieve a specific diameter size for Polysulfone hollow fibers. By employing Taguchi method, the effect of the operation parameters on the fiber geometry is investigated. The findings ...
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This research proposes a general formula for implementing in the control system of a dry-jet wet spinning machine to achieve a specific diameter size for Polysulfone hollow fibers. By employing Taguchi method, the effect of the operation parameters on the fiber geometry is investigated. The findings emphasize the significance of various fabrication parameters in determining the inner diameter (ID) and outer diameter (OD) of the hollow fibers. To mathematically predict the ID and OD, a first-order equation is developed using the least squares method. The accuracy of the proposed equation is validated through a series of experiments, where the ID and OD of the produced hollow fibers are determined using cross-sectional images by a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the proposed equation and the experimental data, with a maximum error of less than 7%. This research offers a valuable tool for optimizing hollow-fiber spinning plants and holds promise for improving their overall performance.
Control
Zuliang Lu*
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the variational discretization and mixed finite element methods for optimal control problem governed by semi linear parabolic equations with integral constraint. The state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces ...
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The aim of this work is to investigate the variational discretization and mixed finite element methods for optimal control problem governed by semi linear parabolic equations with integral constraint. The state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control is not discreted. Optimal error estimates in L2 are established for the state and the control variable. As a result, it can be proved that the discrete solutions possess the convergence property of order. Finally, a numerical example is presented which confirms the theoretical results.
Energy Science and Technology
Ahmed F. Hasan; Salah N. Farhan
Abstract
Phase change materials have attracted a considerable attention in thermal energy storage research recently due to their thermal characteristic. Composite materials have great potential as one of the best alternative approach that would be utilized to increase the thermal performance of this sort of materials. ...
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Phase change materials have attracted a considerable attention in thermal energy storage research recently due to their thermal characteristic. Composite materials have great potential as one of the best alternative approach that would be utilized to increase the thermal performance of this sort of materials. This work aims to improve the Latent Heat energy Storage Unit (LHSU) in terms of thermal performance during the melting process by utilizing honeycomb metal structures configuration. An experimental study has been carried out to examine the thermal behavior of this particular material in honeycomb LHSU. The thermal performance evaluation in terms of melting time of the proposed honeycomb LHSU was conducted in comparison with the normal LHSU. The influences of using different heat transfer fluid temperature on the charging power are considered for the enhanced geometrical configuration. The results showed significant enhancement in the melting time which reached 87%. Also, the melting range in the lower part of the storage unit was improved compared with the normal one from 190 to 24 min in case of using honeycomb. For the propose of configuration, by increasing the fluid temperature, charging power was accelerated, which in turn reduces the charging time from 14% to 16.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
S. Harimi; Azam Marjani
Abstract
The present work deals with heat transfer characteristics as well as fluid flow patterns in laminar flow regime for a circular cylinder with six control rods arranged in equilateral triangular geometries. The computations have been carried out by a finite volume approach using the overset grid method. ...
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The present work deals with heat transfer characteristics as well as fluid flow patterns in laminar flow regime for a circular cylinder with six control rods arranged in equilateral triangular geometries. The computations have been carried out by a finite volume approach using the overset grid method. The unsteady flow at Re= 200 and Pr= 0.7 and 7.0 was examined. The effect of the control rods on suppression of the fluid forces applied on a main cylinder has been investigated by numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Based on the results obtained, the arrangement employed in this study indicated the significant performance in reducing the oscillatory force coefficients of the primary cylinder. Except for some gap ratios, it is indicated that both drag and lift coefficients are much lower than that for a single cylinder. Moreover, forced convection heat transfer was calculated using local and mean Nusselt numbers at the surface of the cylinders. The instantaneous streamlines, the vortices and isothermal contours were presented in order to analyze the temperature field and flow field around the cylinders.
Vibration
A. W. K. Fahmi; K. Reza Kashyzadeh; S. Ghorbani
Abstract
This research investigates the effectiveness of various vibration data acquisition techniques coupled with different machine learning models for detecting anomalies and classifying them. To this end, synthetic vibration data was generated for techniques such as eddy current proximity transducers (ECPT), ...
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This research investigates the effectiveness of various vibration data acquisition techniques coupled with different machine learning models for detecting anomalies and classifying them. To this end, synthetic vibration data was generated for techniques such as eddy current proximity transducers (ECPT), accelerometer sensor, blade tip timing, laser doppler vibrometer (LDV), and strain gauge. Afterward, the data was pre-processed and used to train gradient boosting machine, support vector machine, and random forest models. Performance evaluation metrics, including accuracy, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristic, and area Under curve were employed to assess the models, revealing varying degrees of success across combining techniques and models. Notable achievements were observed for the random forest model coupled with the eddy current proximity transducers technique, underscoring the significance of informed technical selection and model optimization in enhancing vibration anomaly detection systems in combined cycle power plants. The results showed that the LDV technique has a significant increase in accuracy from about 0.49 to approximately 0.52, while the ECPT technique has improved from about 0.9 to close 1.0. These advances highlight the growing accuracy of the methods and enable the development of more efficient and reliable learning machines.
Heat and Mass Transfer
Pooja Sharma; Tarun Sharma; Navin Kumar
Abstract
Entropy generation due to viscous incompressible MHD forced convective dissipative fluid flow through a horizontal channel of finite depth in the existence of an inclined magnetic field and heat source effect has been examined. The governing non-linear partial differential equations for momentum, energy, ...
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Entropy generation due to viscous incompressible MHD forced convective dissipative fluid flow through a horizontal channel of finite depth in the existence of an inclined magnetic field and heat source effect has been examined. The governing non-linear partial differential equations for momentum, energy, and entropy generation are derived and solved by using the analytical method. In addition, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are calculated numerically and their values are presented through the tables for the upper and the bottom wall of the channel. It was concluded that the total entropy generation rate and Bejan number are reduced due to a rise in the inclination angle of the magnetic field. Also, an increment in the heat source props up the fluid temperature and total entropy generation rate. This study will help to reduce the energy loss due to reversible process and heat dissipation. The results are also useful for chemical and metallurgy industries.
Fracture Mechanics
M. Shariati; A. M. Majd Sabeti; H. Gharooni
Abstract
Existence of cracks in industrial structures is one of the important causes of their failure, especially when they are subjected to important axial compressive forces that might lead to buckling. Therefore, it must be considered in stress analysis and designing and loading of such structures. In this ...
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Existence of cracks in industrial structures is one of the important causes of their failure, especially when they are subjected to important axial compressive forces that might lead to buckling. Therefore, it must be considered in stress analysis and designing and loading of such structures. In this paper, the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of stainless-steel cracked plates under axial compression load were investigated both experimentally and numerically and effects of the geometrical and mechanical parameters, such as crack length, crack angle, crack position, plate imperfection, load band, and plate thickness on the critical buckling load were studied. In the experimental study, mechanical properties and plastic behavior of stainless steel plates were determined for the subsequent numerical study. Numerical modeling was carried out by ABAQUS finite element software. Numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results and the reliability of the numerical solution was proven. Results demonstrated the considerable effects of the mentioned parameters on the critical buckling load of plate.
Fluid Mechanics
Aminreza Noghrehabadia; Mohammad Ghalambaza; Afshin Ghanbarzadeh
Abstract
In this paper, a monotone positive solution is studied for buckling of a distributed model of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) cantilevers in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite sheets subject to intermolecular forces. In the modeling of intermolecular forces, Van der Waals forces are taken into ...
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In this paper, a monotone positive solution is studied for buckling of a distributed model of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) cantilevers in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite sheets subject to intermolecular forces. In the modeling of intermolecular forces, Van der Waals forces are taken into account. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on Lennard–Jones potential is applied to simulate the intermolecular force-induced deflection of MWCNT. A positive monotone solution based on Green’s function in the form of a nonlinear iterative integral is introduced to obtain a solution for deflection of MWCNT cantilevers. In order to determine the accuracy of the presented method, the results are compared with numerical results of a numerical method as well as other methods reported in the literature. The results show that the monotone iterative solution is stable and converged to numerical results with a few iterations. The results of the present work are useful to prove the stability and convergence of Green’s function to deal with deflection of nano cantilever actuators in future works and simplifications.
Manufacturing Processes
Mahdi Ghamami; Masoud Shariat Panahi; Maryam Rezaei
Abstract
In today's design, system complexity and increasing demand for safer, more efficient and less costly systems have created new challenges in science and engineering. Locomotives are products which are designed according to market order and technical needs of customers. Accordingly, targets of companies, ...
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In today's design, system complexity and increasing demand for safer, more efficient and less costly systems have created new challenges in science and engineering. Locomotives are products which are designed according to market order and technical needs of customers. Accordingly, targets of companies, especially designers and manufacturers of locomotives, have always been on the path of progress and seek to offer products with higher technology than other competitors. Quality of body structures is based on indicators such as natural frequency, displacement, fatigue life and maximum stress. Natural frequency of various components of the system and their adaption to each other are important for avoiding the phenomenon of resonance. In this study, body structures of ER24 locomotive (Iran Safir Locomotive) was studied. A combination of imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and artificial neural network was proposed to find optimal weight of structures while natural frequencies were in the determined range. Optimization of locomotive's structure was performed with an emphasis on maintaining locomotive abilities in static and dynamic fields. The results indicated that use of optimization techniques in the design process was a powerful and effective tool for identifying and improving main dynamic characteristics of structures and also optimizing performance in stress, noise and vibration fields.
Heat and Mass Transfer
J. Prakash; P. Durga Prasad; R. V. M. S. S. Kiran Kumar; S. V. K. Varma
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the porous medium and diffusion-thermo effects on unsteady combined convection magneto hydrodynamics boundary layer flow of viscous electrically conducting fluid over a vertical permeable surface embedded in a high porous medium, in the presence of first ...
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The main purpose of this work is to investigate the porous medium and diffusion-thermo effects on unsteady combined convection magneto hydrodynamics boundary layer flow of viscous electrically conducting fluid over a vertical permeable surface embedded in a high porous medium, in the presence of first order chemical reaction and thermal radiation. The slip boundary condition is applied at the porous interface. A uniform Magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the fluid flow. The non-linear coupled partial differential equation are solved by perturbation method and obtained the expressions for concentration, temperature and velocity fields. The rate of mass transfer in terms of Sherwood number , the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and the Skin friction coefficient are also derived. The Profiles of fluid flow quantities for various values of physical parameters are presented and analyzed. Profiles of fluid flow quantities for various values of physical parameters are presented and analyzed.
Heat and Mass Transfer
S. Mohammed Ibrahim; K. Suneetha
Abstract
The present paper was aimed to study the effects of variable thermal conductivity and heat generation on the flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, porous medium, mass transfer, and variable free stream ...
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The present paper was aimed to study the effects of variable thermal conductivity and heat generation on the flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, porous medium, mass transfer, and variable free stream near a stagnation point on a non-conducting stretching sheet. Equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and mass were transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using shooting method. Velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions were numerically discussed and presented in the graphs. Skin-friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and Sherwood number on the sheet were derived and discussed numerically. Their numerical values for various values of physical parameters were presented in the tables. It was found that temperature increased with increasing radiation parameter, R, and concentration decreased with increasing the Schmidt number, Sc. The numerical predications were compared with the existing information in the literature and a good agreement was obtained.
Mechatronics
Zulfiqar Ali Soomro
Abstract
Lateral velocity has very backbone position in the railway vehicle wheelset dynamics as it usually becomes cause of derailment by sliding due to insufficient adhesion ratio. This impropriate balance is pretext owing to contamination and weather procures the disturbances. This perturbation makes hindrances ...
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Lateral velocity has very backbone position in the railway vehicle wheelset dynamics as it usually becomes cause of derailment by sliding due to insufficient adhesion ratio. This impropriate balance is pretext owing to contamination and weather procures the disturbances. This perturbation makes hindrances in proper running of wheelset on track. To analyze the noise, Kalman filter is used based upon the railway dynamic modeling to estimate the actual signals to control the noise by measurement. Thus error percentage is also computed to detect the slippage by adhesion on applicable analysis of creep co-efficient. The motion and velocity of Lateral and yaw analysis for railway vehicle wheelset is of great importance for the slip and sliding point of view. As usually hit has been observed that fatal accidents, destruction of railway vehicle with railway tracks and damage of costly lives happen due to improper control on the lateral and yaw railway dynamic system with chaos management as well as technical point of view. Since controllable estimated lateral velocity assures minimum wheel slide.
Internal Combustion Engine
R. Jyothu Naik; K. Thirupathi Reddy; S. Vishal Narayanrao
Abstract
This article describes an experimental study on fueling the port fuel injection homogeneous charge compression ignition (PFI-HCCI) combustion engine with plastic oil that is generated from waste plastics through the pyrolysis method. The study tested different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels ...
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This article describes an experimental study on fueling the port fuel injection homogeneous charge compression ignition (PFI-HCCI) combustion engine with plastic oil that is generated from waste plastics through the pyrolysis method. The study tested different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% using a modified PFI-HCCI computerized 4-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection Kirloskar diesel engine connected to an eddy current dynamometer. Furthermore, an engine running at 1500 rpm and a constant preheated air temperature (PHAT) of 140°C were assessed. In this experiment, fuel, 20% biodiesel waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO), and continuous PHAT 140°C are used. The testing results show that the cylinder peak pressure and heat release rate for WPPO 20 with 15% EGR were attained at 39.70% and 15.09%, respectively. Additionally, port fuel injection with PHAT and WPPO 20% without EGR is reported to have a 45% higher brake thermal efficiency at full load in comparison to PFI-HCCI Diesel (D100). But when employed at full load with 15% EGR, the WPPO 20 blend also reduced smoke opacity by 30.74% and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission by 52.17%. On the other hand, compared to the PFI-HCCI (D100), there are higher emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) (22.07%) and unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) (54.14%) with 15% EGR. Consequently, WPPO can be used for the PFI-HCCI engine.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Ghanbarali Sheikhzadeh; Mahdi Mollamahdi; Mahmoud Abbaszadeh
Abstract
In this study, the momentum and energy equations of laminar flow of a non-Newtonian fluid are solved in an axisymmetric porous channel using the least square and Galerkin methods. The bottom plate is heated by an external hot gas, and a coolant fluid is injected into the channel from the upper plate. ...
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In this study, the momentum and energy equations of laminar flow of a non-Newtonian fluid are solved in an axisymmetric porous channel using the least square and Galerkin methods. The bottom plate is heated by an external hot gas, and a coolant fluid is injected into the channel from the upper plate. The arising nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are reduced to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using stream function.These equations can be solved using the different numerical method. The numerical solution is conducted using fourth order Rung-Kutta method. With comparing the results obtained from the analytical and numerical methods, a good adaptation can be seen between them. It can also be observed that the results of the Galerkin method have further conformity with the numerical results and the Galerkin method is simpler than the least square method and requires fewer computations. The effects of Reynolds number, Prandtl number and power law index of non-Newtonian fluid is examined on flow field and heat transfer. The results show that Nusselt number increases by increasing Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and power law index.
